Caligula - Sex and Sexual Perversions - Revision history

Paulreed: /* Incest */

2016-12-24T20:00:20Z

Incest

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:00, 24 December 2016
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	''It is believed, that he deflowered one of them, Drusilla, before he had assumed the robe of manhood; and was even caught in her embraces by his grandmother Antonia''		''It is believed, that he deflowered one of them, Drusilla, before he had assumed the robe of manhood; and was even caught in her embraces by his grandmother Antonia''

			Incest, although quite abhorrent for most Romans to perform, may have had a quite acceptable political motive. Both Hellenistic monarchs of the Ptolemaic dynasty where marriages between jointly ruling brothers and sisters. At the very least Caligula could use this "fig leaf" reason to excuse his behaviour

	We are more likely to believe the adultery, prostitution and homosexuality. Not only do we have similar tales told of other Roman Emperors of which many are based in fact but Suetonious provides names and times of his affairs. Wives would often prostitute themselves with or withour their husband's knowledge to ingratiate themselves with the emperor or at the very least ensure that they did not fall out of favour. For instance, during [[roman::Nero]]'s reign he sent [[Roman::Otho]] away and took his wife [[roman::Poppaea Sabina]]. Homosexuality is another believable trait. We know (or least we think we know) that the ageing Emperor [[roman::Galba]] had a relationship with his man-servant. Why shouldn't a young dillitante like Caligula do otherwise?		We are more likely to believe the adultery, prostitution and homosexuality. Not only do we have similar tales told of other Roman Emperors of which many are based in fact but Suetonious provides names and times of his affairs. Wives would often prostitute themselves with or withour their husband's knowledge to ingratiate themselves with the emperor or at the very least ensure that they did not fall out of favour. For instance, during [[roman::Nero]]'s reign he sent [[Roman::Otho]] away and took his wife [[roman::Poppaea Sabina]]. Homosexuality is another believable trait. We know (or least we think we know) that the ageing Emperor [[roman::Galba]] had a relationship with his man-servant. Why shouldn't a young dillitante like Caligula do otherwise?

Paulreed: /* Incest */

2013-09-12T20:49:28Z

Incest

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:49, 12 September 2013
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	We are more likely to believe the adultery, prostitution and homosexuality. Not only do we have similar tales told of other Roman Emperors of which many are based in fact but Suetonious provides names and times of his affairs. Wives would often prostitute themselves with or withour their husband's knowledge to ingratiate themselves with the emperor or at the very least ensure that they did not fall out of favour. For instance, during [[roman::Nero]]'s reign he sent [[Roman::Otho]]away and took his wife roman::Poppaea Sabina]]. Homosexuality is another believable trait. We know (or least we think we know) that the ageing Emperor [[roman::Galba]] had a relationship with his man-servant. Why shouldn't a young dillitante like Caligula do otherwise?		We are more likely to believe the adultery, prostitution and homosexuality. Not only do we have similar tales told of other Roman Emperors of which many are based in fact but Suetonious provides names and times of his affairs. Wives would often prostitute themselves with or withour their husband's knowledge to ingratiate themselves with the emperor or at the very least ensure that they did not fall out of favour. For instance, during [[roman::Nero]]'s reign he sent [[Roman::Otho]] away and took his wife [[roman::Poppaea Sabina]]. Homosexuality is another believable trait. We know (or least we think we know) that the ageing Emperor [[roman::Galba]] had a relationship with his man-servant. Why shouldn't a young dillitante like Caligula do otherwise?

	===Adultery===		===Adultery===

Paulreed at 20:08, 12 September 2013

2013-09-12T20:08:10Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:08, 12 September 2013
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	<no wiki>Caligula felt emboldened enough to change the law so he could marry his niece but did not go further.</no wiki>		<no wiki>Caligula felt emboldened enough to change the law so he could marry his niece but did not go further.</no wiki>

	Maybe politics and history did not play as big a part in his incestuous relationships. Just possibly he had a prediliction for it. It is said that he first had sex with his sister whilst still a boy. In his position he may have had an urge and decided to satisfy it knowing that it was unlikely he would be sanctioned for it. Nevertheless proof proving or disproving incest is not and could never be available so we can make our own minds up.		Maybe politics and history did not play as big a part in his incestuous relationships. Just possibly he had a prediliction for it. It is said that he first had sex with his sister whilst still a boy. In his position he may have had an urge and decided to satisfy it knowing that it was unlikely he would be sanctioned for it. Because of our 21st century sensibilities we find incest morally disagreeable, which may lead us to be very skeptical about his incestuous affairs but in other times we may have accepted it without much deliberation. Nevertheless proof proving or disproving incest is not and could never be available so we can make our own minds up.


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	*He took his sister's virginity, [[roman::Drusilla]] and was once caught having sex with her by his grandmother Antonia.		*He took his sister's virginity, [[roman::Drusilla]] and was once caught having sex with her by his grandmother Antonia.
	''It is believed, that he deflowered one of them, Drusilla, before he had assumed the robe of manhood; and was even caught in her embraces by his grandmother Antonia''		''It is believed, that he deflowered one of them, Drusilla, before he had assumed the robe of manhood; and was even caught in her embraces by his grandmother Antonia''


			We are more likely to believe the adultery, prostitution and homosexuality. Not only do we have similar tales told of other Roman Emperors of which many are based in fact but Suetonious provides names and times of his affairs. Wives would often prostitute themselves with or withour their husband's knowledge to ingratiate themselves with the emperor or at the very least ensure that they did not fall out of favour. For instance, during [[roman::Nero]]'s reign he sent [[Roman::Otho]]away and took his wife roman::Poppaea Sabina]]. Homosexuality is another believable trait. We know (or least we think we know) that the ageing Emperor [[roman::Galba]] had a relationship with his man-servant. Why shouldn't a young dillitante like Caligula do otherwise?

	===Adultery===		===Adultery===
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	''Valerius Catullus, a young man of a consular family, bawled aloud in public that he had been exhausted by him in that abominable act.''		''Valerius Catullus, a young man of a consular family, bawled aloud in public that he had been exhausted by him in that abominable act.''

			Suetonious' writings are so vivid and so full of gossip we almost want to believe them but his is not a piece of closely written history but rather, sketches of the emperor's such as Caligula that give you the essence of the man not necessarily ''hand on the bible, strike me down if it's not all true'' honesty. Also it is written from a historical distance rather than contemporary events.

	<references/>		<references/>

	~~[[category:Ancient Rome]]~~

	[[category:Ancient Rome]]		[[category:Ancient Rome]]

Paulreed: /* Introduction */

2013-09-12T19:44:39Z

Introduction

Paulreed: /* Introduction */

2013-04-22T17:24:40Z

Introduction

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:24, 22 April 2013
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	==Introduction==		==Introduction==
	Caligula was sexually active from an early age and according to [[author::Suetonius]] had a strong libido which bordered on perversion. [[author::Cassius Dio]] is not nearly as graphical as Suetonius in his biography of Caligula but makes reference to incest, prostitution and adultery along the way. Did Suetonius sensationalize the sex for his own purposes or was it that Suetonius and Cassius Dio were writing biographies at different times in history, noting that Cassius Dio's version would be more contempreneous than Suetonius'. Other's have suggested that the sexual perversions, although they undoubtedly existed, were more of a metaphor for poor government. Called in those days ''Invective'', it was the practice of libelling others and many prominent Romans besides Caligula were tainted by it. Earlier in his career [[roman::Julius Caesar]] had applied to him the epithet ''The Queen of [[place::~~Bythinia~~]]. [[roman::Cicero]] charges [[roman::Publius Clodius Pulcher]] of incest with his sister and also charges [[roman::Sextus Cloelius]] with performing cunnilingus on menstruating women (Dom.10.25)		Caligula was sexually active from an early age and according to [[author::Suetonius]] had a strong libido which bordered on perversion. [[author::Cassius Dio]] is not nearly as graphical as Suetonius in his biography of Caligula but makes reference to incest, prostitution and adultery along the way. Did Suetonius sensationalize the sex for his own purposes or was it that Suetonius and Cassius Dio were writing biographies at different times in history, noting that Cassius Dio's version would be more contempreneous than Suetonius'. Other's have suggested that the sexual perversions, although they undoubtedly existed, were more of a metaphor for poor government. Called in those days ''Invective'', it was the practice of libelling others and many prominent Romans besides Caligula were tainted by it. Earlier in his career [[roman::Julius Caesar]] had applied to him the epithet ''The Queen of [[place::Bithynia]]. [[roman::Cicero]] charges [[roman::Publius Clodius Pulcher]] of incest with his sister and also charges [[roman::Sextus Cloelius]] with performing cunnilingus on menstruating women (Dom.10.25)
	''Sexual invective was routinely applied to important people (Seneca, Controv. 1.2.23), as if they were “so powerful that…” they were automatically imagined as trespassing all moral boundaries.''<ref> Sex in the Ancient World from A-Z - J.G. Younger</ref>		''Sexual invective was routinely applied to important people (Seneca, Controv. 1.2.23), as if they were “so powerful that…” they were automatically imagined as trespassing all moral boundaries.''<ref> Sex in the Ancient World from A-Z - J.G. Younger</ref>

Paulreed at 17:24, 22 April 2013

2013-04-22T17:24:02Z

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			<references/>

	[[category:Ancient Rome]]		[[category:Ancient Rome]]

	[[category:Ancient Rome]]		[[category:Ancient Rome]]

Paulreed at 17:23, 22 April 2013

2013-04-22T17:23:12Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:23, 22 April 2013
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	==Introduction==		==Introduction==
	Caligula was sexually active from an early age and according to [[author::Suetonius]] had a strong libido which bordered on perversion. [[author::Cassius Dio]] is not nearly as graphical as Suetonius in his biography of Caligula but makes reference to incest, prostitution and adultery along the way. Did Suetonius sensationalize the sex for his own purposes or was it that Suetonius and Cassius Dio were writing biographies at different times in history, noting that ~~Csssius~~ Dio's version would be more contempreneous than Suetonius'. Other's have suggested that the sexual perversions, although they undoubtedly existed, were more of a metaphor for poor government.		Caligula was sexually active from an early age and according to [[author::Suetonius]] had a strong libido which bordered on perversion. [[author::Cassius Dio]] is not nearly as graphical as Suetonius in his biography of Caligula but makes reference to incest, prostitution and adultery along the way. Did Suetonius sensationalize the sex for his own purposes or was it that Suetonius and Cassius Dio were writing biographies at different times in history, noting that Cassius Dio's version would be more contempreneous than Suetonius'. Other's have suggested that the sexual perversions, although they undoubtedly existed, were more of a metaphor for poor government. Called in those days ''Invective'', it was the practice of libelling others and many prominent Romans besides Caligula were tainted by it. Earlier in his career [[roman::Julius Caesar]] had applied to him the epithet ''The Queen of [[place::Bythinia]]. [[roman::Cicero]] charges [[roman::Publius Clodius Pulcher]] of incest with his sister and also charges [[roman::Sextus Cloelius]] with performing cunnilingus on menstruating women (Dom.10.25)
			''Sexual invective was routinely applied to important people (Seneca, Controv. 1.2.23), as if they were “so powerful that…” they were automatically imagined as trespassing all moral boundaries.''<ref> Sex in the Ancient World from A-Z - J.G. Younger</ref>

	Incest is one case in point. Incest was frowned against in Ancient Rome and often charges of incest were made to attack and destabilize a political opponent. Could some of the stories about Caligula be tittle-tattle. Although, some of the descriptions may have been exaggerated it is probable that he did enjoy sexual relations with his sisters, especially [[roman::Drusilla]] and later had his other sisters banished perhaps to hush up the sexual exploits. We should not forget that increasingly Caligula did not see himself like mortal men but of af a divine god. In such a frame of mind he was not subject to the same natural or crimonal laws and could point to many examples in mythology where incestuous relationships existed. Even in more contemporary times the Egyptian royal families were rife with inbreeding in order to safeguard the royal Ptolemy lineage falling outside of the family. It also kept potentially warring siblings from murdering each other if they had children as a product of an incestuous sexual relationship. Caligula felt emboldened enough to change the law so he could marry his niece but did not go further.		Incest is one case in point. Incest was frowned against in Ancient Rome and often charges of incest were made to attack and destabilize a political opponent. Could some of the stories about Caligula be tittle-tattle. Although, some of the descriptions may have been exaggerated it is probable that he did enjoy sexual relations with his sisters, especially [[roman::Drusilla]] and later had his other sisters banished perhaps to hush up the sexual exploits. We should not forget that increasingly Caligula did not see himself like mortal men but of af a divine god. In such a frame of mind he was not subject to the same natural or crimonal laws and could point to many examples in mythology where incestuous relationships existed. Even in more contemporary times the Egyptian royal families were rife with inbreeding in order to safeguard the royal Ptolemy lineage falling outside of the family. It also kept potentially warring siblings from murdering each other if they had children as a product of an incestuous sexual relationship.
			''The pharaohs of Egypt commonly MARRIED their full sister, and the Ptolemies of
			Egypt continued this custom (Montserrat 1996, 80–105; Ogden 1999).'' <ref> Sex in the Ancient World from A-Z - J.G. Younger</ref>
			<no wiki>Caligula felt emboldened enough to change the law so he could marry his niece but did not go further.</no wiki>

	May be politics and history did not play as big a part in his incestuous relationships. Just possibly he had a prediliction for it. It is said that he first had sex with his sister whilst still a boy. In his position he may have had an urge and decided to satisfy it knowing that it was unlikely he would be sanctioned for it.		May be politics and history did not play as big a part in his incestuous relationships. Just possibly he had a prediliction for it. It is said that he first had sex with his sister whilst still a boy. In his position he may have had an urge and decided to satisfy it knowing that it was unlikely he would be sanctioned for it.

Paulreed at 18:27, 21 April 2013

2013-04-21T18:27:04Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:27, 21 April 2013
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	Caligula was sexually active from an early age and according to [[author::Suetonius]] had a strong libido which bordered on perversion. [[author::Cassius Dio]] is not nearly as graphical as Suetonius in his biography of Caligula but makes reference to incest, prostitution and adultery along the way. Did Suetonius sensationalize the sex for his own purposes or was it that Suetonius and Cassius Dio were writing biographies at different times in history, noting that Csssius Dio's version would be more contempreneous than Suetonius'. Other's have suggested that the sexual perversions, although they undoubtedly existed, were more of a metaphor for poor government.		Caligula was sexually active from an early age and according to [[author::Suetonius]] had a strong libido which bordered on perversion. [[author::Cassius Dio]] is not nearly as graphical as Suetonius in his biography of Caligula but makes reference to incest, prostitution and adultery along the way. Did Suetonius sensationalize the sex for his own purposes or was it that Suetonius and Cassius Dio were writing biographies at different times in history, noting that Csssius Dio's version would be more contempreneous than Suetonius'. Other's have suggested that the sexual perversions, although they undoubtedly existed, were more of a metaphor for poor government.

	Incest is one case in point. Incest was frowned against in Ancient Rome and often charges of incest were made to attack and destabilize a political opponent. Could some of the stories about Caligula be tittle-tattle. Although, some of the descriptions may have been exaggerated it is probable that he did enjoy sexual relations with his sisters, especially [[roman::Drusilla]] and later had his other sisters banished perhaps to hush up the sexual exploits. We should not forget that increasingly Caligula did not see himself like mortal men but of af a divine god. In such a frame of mind he was not subject to the same natural or crimonal laws and could point to many examples in mythology where incestuous relationships existed.		Incest is one case in point. Incest was frowned against in Ancient Rome and often charges of incest were made to attack and destabilize a political opponent. Could some of the stories about Caligula be tittle-tattle. Although, some of the descriptions may have been exaggerated it is probable that he did enjoy sexual relations with his sisters, especially [[roman::Drusilla]] and later had his other sisters banished perhaps to hush up the sexual exploits. We should not forget that increasingly Caligula did not see himself like mortal men but of af a divine god. In such a frame of mind he was not subject to the same natural or crimonal laws and could point to many examples in mythology where incestuous relationships existed. Even in more contemporary times the Egyptian royal families were rife with inbreeding in order to safeguard the royal Ptolemy lineage falling outside of the family. It also kept potentially warring siblings from murdering each other if they had children as a product of an incestuous sexual relationship. Caligula felt emboldened enough to change the law so he could marry his niece but did not go further.

			May be politics and history did not play as big a part in his incestuous relationships. Just possibly he had a prediliction for it. It is said that he first had sex with his sister whilst still a boy. In his position he may have had an urge and decided to satisfy it knowing that it was unlikely he would be sanctioned for it.


	===Incest===		===Incest===
	*He took his sister's virginity, [[roman::Drusilla]] and was once caught having sex with her by his grandmother Antonia.		*He took his sister's virginity, [[roman::Drusilla]] and was once caught having sex with her by his grandmother Antonia.

Paulreed at 18:16, 21 April 2013

2013-04-21T18:16:06Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:16, 21 April 2013
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	==Introduction==		==Introduction==
	Caligula was sexually active from an early age and according to [[author::Suetonius]] had a strong libido which bordered on perversion. [[author::Cassius Dio]] is not nearly as graphical as Suetonius in his biography of Caligula but makes reference to incest, prostitution and adultery along the way. Did Suetonius sensationalize the sex for his own purposes or was it that Suetonius and Cassius Dio were writing biographies at different times in history, noting that Csssius Dio's version would be more contempreneous than Suetonius'. Other's have suggested that the sexual perversions, although they undoubtedly existed, were more of a metaphor for poor government.		Caligula was sexually active from an early age and according to [[author::Suetonius]] had a strong libido which bordered on perversion. [[author::Cassius Dio]] is not nearly as graphical as Suetonius in his biography of Caligula but makes reference to incest, prostitution and adultery along the way. Did Suetonius sensationalize the sex for his own purposes or was it that Suetonius and Cassius Dio were writing biographies at different times in history, noting that Csssius Dio's version would be more contempreneous than Suetonius'. Other's have suggested that the sexual perversions, although they undoubtedly existed, were more of a metaphor for poor government.

			Incest is one case in point. Incest was frowned against in Ancient Rome and often charges of incest were made to attack and destabilize a political opponent. Could some of the stories about Caligula be tittle-tattle. Although, some of the descriptions may have been exaggerated it is probable that he did enjoy sexual relations with his sisters, especially [[roman::Drusilla]] and later had his other sisters banished perhaps to hush up the sexual exploits. We should not forget that increasingly Caligula did not see himself like mortal men but of af a divine god. In such a frame of mind he was not subject to the same natural or crimonal laws and could point to many examples in mythology where incestuous relationships existed.
	===Incest===		===Incest===
	*He took his sister's virginity, [[roman::Drusilla]] and was once caught having sex with her by his grandmother Antonia.		*He took his sister's virginity, [[roman::Drusilla]] and was once caught having sex with her by his grandmother Antonia.

Paulreed at 18:08, 21 April 2013

2013-04-21T18:08:00Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:08, 21 April 2013
Line 1:		Line 1:
	Caligula was sexually active from an early age and according to [[author::Suetonius]] had a strong libido which bordered on perversion.		==Introduction==
			Caligula was sexually active from an early age and according to [[author::Suetonius]] had a strong libido which bordered on perversion. [[author::Cassius Dio]] is not nearly as graphical as Suetonius in his biography of Caligula but makes reference to incest, prostitution and adultery along the way. Did Suetonius sensationalize the sex for his own purposes or was it that Suetonius and Cassius Dio were writing biographies at different times in history, noting that Csssius Dio's version would be more contempreneous than Suetonius'. Other's have suggested that the sexual perversions, although they undoubtedly existed, were more of a metaphor for poor government.
	===Incest===		===Incest===
	*He took his sister's virginity, [[roman::Drusilla]] and was once caught having sex with her by his grandmother Antonia.		*He took his sister's virginity, [[roman::Drusilla]] and was once caught having sex with her by his grandmother Antonia.

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:44, 12 September 2013
Line 1:		Line 1:
	==Introduction==		==Introduction==
	Caligula was sexually active from an early age and according to [[author::Suetonius]] had a strong libido which bordered on perversion. [[author::Cassius Dio]] is not nearly as graphical as Suetonius in his biography of Caligula but makes reference to incest, prostitution and adultery along the way. Did Suetonius sensationalize the sex for his own purposes or was it that Suetonius and Cassius Dio were writing biographies at different times in history, noting that Cassius Dio's version would be more contempreneous than Suetonius'. Other's have suggested that the sexual perversions, although they undoubtedly existed, were more of a metaphor for poor government. Called in those days ''Invective'', it was the practice of libelling others and many prominent Romans besides Caligula were tainted by it. Earlier in his career [[roman::Julius Caesar]] had applied to him the epithet ''The Queen of [[place::Bithynia]]. [[roman::Cicero]] charges [[roman::Publius Clodius Pulcher]] of incest with his sister and also charges [[roman::Sextus Cloelius]] with performing cunnilingus on menstruating women (Dom.10.25)		Caligula was sexually active from an early age and according to [[author::Suetonius]] had a strong libido which bordered on perversion. [[author::Cassius Dio]] is not nearly as graphical as Suetonius in his biography of Caligula but makes reference to incest, prostitution and adultery along the way. Did Suetonius sensationalize the sex for his own purposes or was it that Suetonius and Cassius Dio were writing biographies at different times in history, noting that Cassius Dio's version would be more contempreneous than Suetonius'. Other's have suggested that the sexual perversions, although they undoubtedly existed, were more of a metaphor for poor government. Called in those days ''Invective'', it was the practice of libelling others and many prominent Romans besides Caligula were tainted by it. Earlier in his career [[roman::Julius Caesar]] had applied to him the epithet ''The Queen of [[place::Bithynia]]''. [[roman::Cicero]] charges [[roman::Publius Clodius Pulcher]] of incest with his sister and also charges [[roman::Sextus Cloelius]] with performing cunnilingus on menstruating women (Dom.10.25)
	''Sexual invective was routinely applied to important people (Seneca, Controv. 1.2.23), as if they were “so powerful that…” they were automatically imagined as trespassing all moral boundaries.''<ref> Sex in the Ancient World from A-Z - J.G. Younger</ref>		''Sexual invective was routinely applied to important people (Seneca, Controv. 1.2.23), as if they were “so powerful that…” they were automatically imagined as trespassing all moral boundaries.''<ref> Sex in the Ancient World from A-Z - J.G. Younger</ref>

	Incest is one case in point. Incest was frowned against in Ancient Rome and often charges of incest were made to attack and destabilize a political opponent. Could some of the stories about Caligula be tittle-tattle. Although, some of the descriptions may have been exaggerated it is ~~probable~~ that he did enjoy sexual relations with his sisters, especially [[roman::Drusilla]] and later had his other sisters banished perhaps to hush up the sexual exploits. We should not forget that increasingly Caligula did not see himself like mortal men but of af a divine god. In such a frame of mind he was not subject to the same natural or ~~crimonal~~ laws and could point to many examples in mythology where incestuous relationships existed. Even in more contemporary times the Egyptian royal families were rife with inbreeding in order to safeguard the royal Ptolemy lineage falling outside of the family. It also kept potentially warring siblings from murdering each other if they had children as a product of an incestuous sexual relationship.		Incest is one case in point. Incest was frowned against in Ancient Rome and often charges of incest were made to attack and destabilize a political opponent. Could some of the stories about Caligula be tittle-tattle? [[author::Mary Beard]] thinks so '' Of course, we can never be sure whether the tales of incest with his sisters are true (it’s hard enough to know what your neighbours get up to in the bedroom; it’s nigh on impossible to know what went on in the Roman imperial bedroom 2,000 years ago'' <ref>http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2013-07-29/mary-beard-caligula-was-a-sadistic-perverted-megalomaniac--but-he-didnt-eat-his-sisters-baby</ref>. Although, some of the descriptions may have been exaggerated it is possible that he did enjoy sexual relations with his sisters, especially [[roman::Drusilla]] and later had his other sisters banished perhaps to hush up the sexual exploits.

			We should not forget that, increasingly, Caligula did not see himself like mortal men but that of a divine god. In such a frame of mind he was not subject to the same natural or criminal laws and could point to many examples in mythology where incestuous relationships existed. Even in more contemporary times the Egyptian royal families were rife with inbreeding in order to safeguard the royal Ptolemy lineage falling outside of the family. It also kept potentially warring siblings from murdering each other if they had children as a product of an incestuous sexual relationship.

	''The pharaohs of Egypt commonly MARRIED their full sister, and the Ptolemies of		''The pharaohs of Egypt commonly MARRIED their full sister, and the Ptolemies of
	Egypt continued this custom (Montserrat 1996, 80–105; Ogden 1999).'' <ref> Sex in the Ancient World from A-Z - J.G. Younger</ref>		Egypt continued this custom (Montserrat 1996, 80–105; Ogden 1999).'' <ref> Sex in the Ancient World from A-Z - J.G. Younger</ref>
	<no wiki>Caligula felt emboldened enough to change the law so he could marry his niece but did not go further.</no wiki>		<no wiki>Caligula felt emboldened enough to change the law so he could marry his niece but did not go further.</no wiki>

	~~May be~~ politics and history did not play as big a part in his incestuous relationships. Just possibly he had a prediliction for it. It is said that he first had sex with his sister whilst still a boy. In his position he may have had an urge and decided to satisfy it knowing that it was unlikely he would be sanctioned for it.		Maybe politics and history did not play as big a part in his incestuous relationships. Just possibly he had a prediliction for it. It is said that he first had sex with his sister whilst still a boy. In his position he may have had an urge and decided to satisfy it knowing that it was unlikely he would be sanctioned for it. Nevertheless proof proving or disproving incest is not and could never be available so we can make our own minds up.


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	''Lollia Paulina who was married to a man of consular rank''		''Lollia Paulina who was married to a man of consular rank''

	*With [[roman::Caesonia]]. She ~~willing~~ partook in an adulterous affair although married on account of her voracious sexual appetite		*With [[roman::Caesonia]]. She willingly partook in an adulterous affair although married on account of her voracious sexual appetite
	''He loved with a most passionate and constant affection Caesonia, who was neither handsome nor young; and was besides the mother of three daughters by another man; but a wanton of unbounded lasciviousness''		''He loved with a most passionate and constant affection Caesonia, who was neither handsome nor young; and was besides the mother of three daughters by another man; but a wanton of unbounded lasciviousness''