The Royalists and the Civil War - Revision history

Paulreed at 17:56, 16 February 2014

2014-02-16T17:56:47Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:56, 16 February 2014
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	Pym's ''junto'' increasingly too little note of commons criticism and enthusiastically embraces political engagement with extra-parliamentary bodies and religious pressure groups and welcomed grass root actions. From the perspective of Hyde and Dering they were embracing anarchy.		Pym's ''junto'' increasingly too little note of commons criticism and enthusiastically embraces political engagement with extra-parliamentary bodies and religious pressure groups and welcomed grass root actions. From the perspective of Hyde and Dering they were embracing anarchy.

	~~[[category~~:~~English~~ Civil War]]		{{template:Civil War}}
	~~[[category:British History]]~~

Paulreed: /* How the unity of the Parliament and the start of the Long Parliament ebbed away */

2014-02-08T18:52:58Z

How the unity of the Parliament and the start of the Long Parliament ebbed away

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:52, 8 February 2014
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	Edward Hyde and others thought the balance had now been achieved and that the king should be allowed to rule in accordance with the constitution. Pym however believed that the king could not be trusted and his suspicions were well founded. Charles went to Scotland to settle the treaty with Scotland but he stayed three months, secretly negotiating, hoping to get a guarantee from Scotland to stay neutral in future battles with parliament. When negotiations failed he plotted to assassinate two of the nobles he had been negotiating with. On January 3rd the king entered Parliament to arrest five members of Parliament for treason. He failed and the new won allies began to doubt their change off allegiance.		Edward Hyde and others thought the balance had now been achieved and that the king should be allowed to rule in accordance with the constitution. Pym however believed that the king could not be trusted and his suspicions were well founded. Charles went to Scotland to settle the treaty with Scotland but he stayed three months, secretly negotiating, hoping to get a guarantee from Scotland to stay neutral in future battles with parliament. When negotiations failed he plotted to assassinate two of the nobles he had been negotiating with. On January 3rd the king entered Parliament to arrest five members of Parliament for treason. He failed and the new won allies began to doubt their change off allegiance.

	Nonetheless the occupation of the Scots in northern England stuck in the throat for many and was seen an insult. The Scots demanded reparation payments that were agreed by the English but soon fell into arrears. The Scots wanted more. They suggested a greater union of the Kingdoms, which the English interpreted as greater meddling in their affairs. The Scots also wanted to see the abolition of the episcopacy so that they would never have to suffer the ignominy of the Prayer Book again. Many anti-Scots voices were riased but Pym could not expel them. However, reform of the church was high on the agenda and some like sir [[person::Simmonds D'ewes]] wanted to reform the ''brazen, leaden - yea and blockish - persons''. On the 11 December a petition from London called for the clergy to brought o account. They saw the church embodying a multitude of sins from monopolies to the decline of the cloth industry and ''whoredoms and adulteries''. This ''Root and Branch'' petition was discussed a number of time and went to a vote that passed and went to committee for discussion. Many agreed that the performance of the bishops had been poor and even agreed with the abolition of the episcopacy but not what it would be replace with. The Scots believed that their own reformed church was the perfect model. But he episcopacy was so entrenched in the social order of the country that destroying it could unleash forces that could not be easily restrained. Edward Dering for instance had a change of heart having head incidents of ''radical zeal fomenting popular spirits against laws''. However, the changes were already being taken up. Alter rails and Stained glass windows were destroyed and the communion table put back in the middle of the church.		Nonetheless the occupation of the Scots in northern England stuck in the throat for many and was seen an insult. The Scots demanded reparation payments that were agreed by the English but soon fell into arrears. The Scots wanted more. They suggested a greater union of the Kingdoms, which the English interpreted as greater meddling in their affairs. The Scots also wanted to see the abolition of the episcopacy so that they would never have to suffer the ignominy of the Prayer Book again. Many anti-Scots voices were riased but Pym could not expel them. However, reform of the church was high on the agenda and some like sir [[person::Simmonds D'ewes]] wanted to reform the ''brazen, leaden - yea and blockish - persons''. On the 11 December a petition from London called for the clergy to brought o account. They saw the church embodying a multitude of sins from monopolies to the decline of the cloth industry and ''whoredoms and adulteries''. This ''[[Root and Branch]]'' petition was discussed a number of time and went to a vote that passed and went to committee for discussion. Many agreed that the performance of the bishops had been poor and even agreed with the abolition of the episcopacy but not what it would be replace with. The Scots believed that their own reformed church was the perfect model. But he episcopacy was so entrenched in the social order of the country that destroying it could unleash forces that could not be easily restrained. Edward Dering for instance had a change of heart having head incidents of ''radical zeal fomenting popular spirits against laws''. However, the changes were already being taken up. Alter rails and Stained glass windows were destroyed and the communion table put back in the middle of the church.

	Pym's ''junto'' increasingly too little note of commons criticism and enthusiastically embraces political engagement with extra-parliamentary bodies and religious pressure groups and welcomed grass root actions. From the perspective of Hyde and Dering they were embracing anarchy.		Pym's ''junto'' increasingly too little note of commons criticism and enthusiastically embraces political engagement with extra-parliamentary bodies and religious pressure groups and welcomed grass root actions. From the perspective of Hyde and Dering they were embracing anarchy.

Paulreed at 15:02, 8 February 2014

2014-02-08T15:02:45Z

Paulreed: /* How the unity of the Parliament and the strat of the Long Parliament ebbed away */

2014-02-06T22:42:52Z

How the unity of the Parliament and the strat of the Long Parliament ebbed away

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:42, 6 February 2014
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	The Grand Remonstrance had been a provactive document that appealed over the heads of the MP's to the people. Such was the emotion it stirred withinn Parliament swords were branished ''I thought we had sat in the valley of death'' wrote one MP. The unity oand concensus seeking that had prevailed until them was shattered overnight. However it would be wrong to say that complete polarization set in at that moment. There was still unease of Cherles' policies of the 1630's especially as it related to the Scots and the Scottish church as well as taxation measures like [[term::Ship Money]]. Nonetheless there were fears about the populist tome of the debates and the attacks on the Monarrchy and Ecclesiastical authority rather than just Charles and [[person::Archbishop Laud\|Laud]].		The Grand Remonstrance had been a provactive document that appealed over the heads of the MP's to the people. Such was the emotion it stirred withinn Parliament swords were branished ''I thought we had sat in the valley of death'' wrote one MP. The unity oand concensus seeking that had prevailed until them was shattered overnight. However it would be wrong to say that complete polarization set in at that moment. There was still unease of Cherles' policies of the 1630's especially as it related to the Scots and the Scottish church as well as taxation measures like [[term::Ship Money]]. Nonetheless there were fears about the populist tome of the debates and the attacks on the Monarrchy and Ecclesiastical authority rather than just Charles and [[person::Archbishop Laud\|Laud]].

	Those hounded out by the old regime were rehabilitated like [[person::Prynne]]. The [[term::Star Chamber]] was abolished as well as the ~~execution~~ of [[person::~~Strafford~~]]		Those hounded out by the old regime were rehabilitated like [[person::Prynne]]. The [[term::Star Chamber]] was abolished and therewas the execution of [[person::Strafford]]. That Strafford's pernicious influence over the King should be destroyed was agreed by common consent but not his execution. At first it was believed that the threatened execution of Strafford was a way of getting the king to negotiate but it soon took on a sinister turn.

			At his trial a liost of monot charges were l;aid against him and Strafford was compelled to observe that he did not think that ''two hundred black rabbits would make a black horse'' as he appealed to the Lords for support. The trial dragged on for three weeks until the prosecution's patience wore thin and they settled on a [[term::bill of Attainder]] where the accused was condemned and executed withourt further judicial process. This bill proved divisive and although it passed easily many did not vote. Although Charles was mortified to have to sign the bill it may have been of some comfort that the House was divided.

			Pym went on to steer the [[Triennial Act]], which obliged the monarch to call a parliament every three years. Pym followed this up in June 1641 with the [[Ten Propositions]], that put prohibition on the access of papist to the court and queen. It also instructed the king to appoint councillors that the parliament would find agreeable. Although Pym was succeeding in Parliament and in the country it was terrifiying the Irish Catholics who thought that these policies would eventualyy be extended to their lands. Ireland went up in flames. Money and armies needed to be riased to quell the unrest but Pym saw it as another opportunity to force the king to accepts the Propositions. This was blackmail and angered many in Parliament but Pym prevailed in a vote. Pym further consolidated Parliaments power by insisting in 1642 that they be allowed to choose the members of the Privy Council.

			Edward Hyde and others thought the balance had now been acheived and that the king should be allowed to rule in accordance with the constitution. Pym however believed that the king could not be trusted and his suspicions were well founded. Charles went to Scotland to settle the treaty with Scotland but he stayed three months, secretaly negotiating, hoping to get a guarantee from Scotland to stay neutral in future battles with parliament. When negotiations failed he plotted to assassinate two of the nobels he had been negotiating with. On Januray 3rd the king enetered parilaiment to arrest five memebers of parilaiment for treason. He failed and the new won allies began to doubt their chnage off alliegence.

			Nonetheless the occupation of the Scots in northern England stuck in the throat for many and was seen an insult. The Scots demanded reparation payments that were agreed by the English but soon fell into arrears. The Scots wanted more. They suggested a greater union of the Kingdoms, which the English interpreted as greater meddling in their affairs. The Scots also wanted to see the abolition of the episcopacy so that they would never have to suffer the ignominy of the Prayer Book again. Many anti-scots voices were riased but Pym could not expel them. However, reform of the church was high on the agenda and some like sir [[person::Simmonds D'ewes]] wanted to reform the ''brazen, leaden - yea and blockish - persons''. On the 11 December a petition form London caled for the clergy to brpought o account. They saw the church embodying a multitude of sins from monolies to the declime of the cloth industry and ''whoredoms and adulteries''. This ''Root and Branch'' petition was discussed a number of time and went to a vote that passed and went to committee for discussion. Many agreed that the perfoamcne of the bishops had been poor and even agreed with the abolition of the episopacy but not what it would be replace with. The Scots believed that their own refpormed church was the perfect model. But he episcipoacy was so entrenched in the social order of the country that destroying it couild unleash forces tht could not be easily restrained. Edward Dering for instance had a chnage of heart having head incidnets of ''raidical zeal formenting popular spirits against laws''. However, the changes were laready being taken up. Alter rails and Stained glass windows were destroyed and the communion table put back in the middle of the church.

			Pym's ''junto'' increasingly too litle note of commons criticism and enthusiastically embraces politival engagement with extra-parliamentary bodies and religios pressure gorups and welcomed grass root actoins. From the perspective of Hyde and Dering they were embracing anarchy.

	[[category:English Civil War]]		[[category:English Civil War]]
	[[category:British History]]		[[category:British History]]

Paulreed: /* How the unity of the Parliament and the strat of the Long Parliament]] ebbed away */

2014-02-06T18:45:14Z

How the unity of the Parliament and the strat of the Long Parliament]] ebbed away

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:45, 6 February 2014
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	In 1642 Charles built a party albeit one more against Puritan excesses than enthusiastically loyal to him. More than a third of the commons rallied to his cause and even more in the Lords.		In 1642 Charles built a party albeit one more against Puritan excesses than enthusiastically loyal to him. More than a third of the commons rallied to his cause and even more in the Lords.

	==How the unity of the Parliament and the strat of the [[Long Parliament]] ebbed away]]==		==How the unity of the Parliament and the strat of the [[Long Parliament]] ebbed away==
	The Grand Remonstrance had been a provactive document that appealed over the heads of the MP's to the people. Such was the emotion it stirred withinn Parliament swords were branished ''I thought we had sat in the valley of death'' wrote one MP. The unity oand concensus seeking that had prevailed until them was shattered overnight. However it would be wrong to say that complete polarization set in at that moment. There was still unease of Cherles' policies of the 1630's especially as it related to the Scots and the Scottish church as well as taxation measures like [[term::Ship Money]]. Nonetheless there were fears about the populist tome of the debates and the attacks on the Monarrchy and Ecclesiastical authority rather than just Charles and [[person::Archbishop Laud\|Laud]].		The Grand Remonstrance had been a provactive document that appealed over the heads of the MP's to the people. Such was the emotion it stirred withinn Parliament swords were branished ''I thought we had sat in the valley of death'' wrote one MP. The unity oand concensus seeking that had prevailed until them was shattered overnight. However it would be wrong to say that complete polarization set in at that moment. There was still unease of Cherles' policies of the 1630's especially as it related to the Scots and the Scottish church as well as taxation measures like [[term::Ship Money]]. Nonetheless there were fears about the populist tome of the debates and the attacks on the Monarrchy and Ecclesiastical authority rather than just Charles and [[person::Archbishop Laud\|Laud]].

Paulreed at 17:44, 6 February 2014

2014-02-06T17:44:25Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:44, 6 February 2014
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			==Introduction==
	Even though Civil War seemed inevitable given [[person::Charles 1]] abrupt departure in 1642 neither side wanted to be seen to land the first blow. After Charles had unsuccessfully tried to arrest the ring leaders fermenting dissent in the Commons, the House awarded itself command of the armed forces in February 1642. Since the king, not surprisingly refused to sign it was called an ordinance and not an act. With the king out of the way, parliamentarians such as [[person::John Pym]] felt increasingly emboldened and the current unity in the Commons started to be strained after the summer of 1641. The [[Grand Remonstrance]] written by Pym was a laundry list of faults embodied by the King since the beginning of his reign. The first nine-nine clauses cataloged examples of his mis-governance. Then next thiry six clauses were self-congratulatory, detailing how parliament was safeguarding English liberties. The final clauses warned against threats to liberties if Parliament did not defend them. Clauses attacking the Common Prayer Book and describing all bishops as idolaters were removed. For some, who wished only to bring the King to his common sense, it went too far and the document only passed in the Commons by eleven votes. Nonetheless, even though the Remonstrance was too much to stomach for the gentrified Commons, Pym correctly judged that it would be meat and drink to the populace at large.		Even though Civil War seemed inevitable given [[person::Charles 1]] abrupt departure in 1642 neither side wanted to be seen to land the first blow. After Charles had unsuccessfully tried to arrest the ring leaders fermenting dissent in the Commons, the House awarded itself command of the armed forces in February 1642. Since the king, not surprisingly refused to sign it was called an ordinance and not an act. With the king out of the way, parliamentarians such as [[person::John Pym]] felt increasingly emboldened and the current unity in the Commons started to be strained after the summer of 1641. The [[Grand Remonstrance]] written by Pym was a laundry list of faults embodied by the King since the beginning of his reign. The first nine-nine clauses cataloged examples of his mis-governance. Then next thiry six clauses were self-congratulatory, detailing how parliament was safeguarding English liberties. The final clauses warned against threats to liberties if Parliament did not defend them. Clauses attacking the Common Prayer Book and describing all bishops as idolaters were removed. For some, who wished only to bring the King to his common sense, it went too far and the document only passed in the Commons by eleven votes. Nonetheless, even though the Remonstrance was too much to stomach for the gentrified Commons, Pym correctly judged that it would be meat and drink to the populace at large.

Line 5:		Line 6:
	While many MP's attacked Charles tactics personally they were careful not to attack the monarchy or the constitution. During the second month of the [[Long Parliament]] a petition was raise to end episcopacy ''root and branch''. This split parliament between the abolitionists and those who merely wanted to see their powers curtailed. Others noted they violent tendencies of the seemingly sober and lawful puritans. The smashing f Stained glass windows alter rails by soldiers and mobs cast puritans in a new light. Lay preachers used their oratory powers to push the boundaries of accepted orthodoxy.		While many MP's attacked Charles tactics personally they were careful not to attack the monarchy or the constitution. During the second month of the [[Long Parliament]] a petition was raise to end episcopacy ''root and branch''. This split parliament between the abolitionists and those who merely wanted to see their powers curtailed. Others noted they violent tendencies of the seemingly sober and lawful puritans. The smashing f Stained glass windows alter rails by soldiers and mobs cast puritans in a new light. Lay preachers used their oratory powers to push the boundaries of accepted orthodoxy.

	The king;s advisers suggested to make concessions and pursue a middle way between [[William Laud\|Laudian]] and Puritan excesses and restore a religion that was closer to the one that stood in [[person::Elizabeth 1]]'s reign, shorn of any connivance of ''popery''.		The king's advisers suggested to make concessions and pursue a middle way between [[William Laud\|Laudian]] and Puritan excesses and restore a religion that was closer to the one that stood in [[person::Elizabeth 1]]'s reign, shorn of any connivance of ''popery''.

	In 1642 Charles built a party albeit one more against Puritan excesses than enthusiastically loyal to him. More than a third of the commons rallied to his cause and even more in the Lords.		In 1642 Charles built a party albeit one more against Puritan excesses than enthusiastically loyal to him. More than a third of the commons rallied to his cause and even more in the Lords.

			==How the unity of the Parliament and the strat of the [[Long Parliament]] ebbed away]]==
			The Grand Remonstrance had been a provactive document that appealed over the heads of the MP's to the people. Such was the emotion it stirred withinn Parliament swords were branished ''I thought we had sat in the valley of death'' wrote one MP. The unity oand concensus seeking that had prevailed until them was shattered overnight. However it would be wrong to say that complete polarization set in at that moment. There was still unease of Cherles' policies of the 1630's especially as it related to the Scots and the Scottish church as well as taxation measures like [[term::Ship Money]]. Nonetheless there were fears about the populist tome of the debates and the attacks on the Monarrchy and Ecclesiastical authority rather than just Charles and [[person::Archbishop Laud\|Laud]].

			Those hounded out by the old regime were rehabilitated like [[person::Prynne]]. The [[term::Star Chamber]] was abolished as well as the execution of [[person::Strafford]]

	[[category:English Civil War]]		[[category:English Civil War]]
	[[category:British History]]		[[category:British History]]

Paulreed at 17:58, 4 February 2014

2014-02-04T17:58:54Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:58, 4 February 2014
Line 1:		Line 1:
	Even though Civil War seemed inevitable given [[person::Charles 1]] abrupt departure in 1642 neither side wanted to be seen to land the first blow. After Charles had unsuccessfully tried to arrest the ring leaders fermenting dissent in the Commons, the House awarded itself command of the armed forces in February 1642. Since the king, not surprisingly refused to sign it was called an ordinance and not an act. With the king out of the way, parliamentarians such as [[person::John Pym]] felt increasingly emboldened and the current unity in the Commons started to be strained after the summer of 1641. The [[Grand Remonstrance]] written by Pym was a laundry list of ~~neo-republican~~ faults embodied by the King. For some, who wished only to bring the King to his common sense, it went too far and the document only passed in the Commons by eleven votes. Nonetheless, even though the Remonstrance was too much to stomach for the gentrified Commons, Pym correctly judged that it would be meat and drink to the populace at large.		Even though Civil War seemed inevitable given [[person::Charles 1]] abrupt departure in 1642 neither side wanted to be seen to land the first blow. After Charles had unsuccessfully tried to arrest the ring leaders fermenting dissent in the Commons, the House awarded itself command of the armed forces in February 1642. Since the king, not surprisingly refused to sign it was called an ordinance and not an act. With the king out of the way, parliamentarians such as [[person::John Pym]] felt increasingly emboldened and the current unity in the Commons started to be strained after the summer of 1641. The [[Grand Remonstrance]] written by Pym was a laundry list of faults embodied by the King since the beginning of his reign. The first nine-nine clauses cataloged examples of his mis-governance. Then next thiry six clauses were self-congratulatory, detailing how parliament was safeguarding English liberties. The final clauses warned against threats to liberties if Parliament did not defend them. Clauses attacking the Common Prayer Book and describing all bishops as idolaters were removed. For some, who wished only to bring the King to his common sense, it went too far and the document only passed in the Commons by eleven votes. Nonetheless, even though the Remonstrance was too much to stomach for the gentrified Commons, Pym correctly judged that it would be meat and drink to the populace at large.

	Many in Parliament worried that the opposition to the monarchy could get out of hand and the populace would be uncontrollable much as had happened during the [[Irish Rebellion]]. Fear of widespread public disorder pushed many back into the King;s camp. Among the recruits was Edward Hyde whose narrative of eh time called the ''History of the Great Rebellion'' shaped Tory tradition for many years ahead. He was someone who was dismayed by Charles' [[Personal Rule]] of the 1630's but equally dismayed with the turn of events in the 1640's. Moderates tried to re-frame the constitution much like a modern day ''three estates'' - King, Lords and Commons - Monarchy, Aristocracy and Democracy.		Many in Parliament worried that the opposition to the monarchy could get out of hand and the populace would be uncontrollable much as had happened during the [[Irish Rebellion]]. Fear of widespread public disorder pushed many back into the King;s camp. Among the recruits was Edward Hyde whose narrative of eh time called the ''History of the Great Rebellion'' shaped Tory tradition for many years ahead. He was someone who was dismayed by Charles' [[Personal Rule]] of the 1630's but equally dismayed with the turn of events in the 1640's. Moderates tried to re-frame the constitution much like a modern day ''three estates'' - King, Lords and Commons - Monarchy, Aristocracy and Democracy.

Paulreed at 02:27, 4 February 2014

2014-02-04T02:27:40Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:27, 3 February 2014
Line 1:		Line 1:
	Even though Civil War seemed inevitable given [[person::Charles 1]] abrupt departure in 1642 neither side ~~wantd~~ to be seen to land the first blow. After Charles had unsuccessfully tried to arrest the ring leaders fermenting dissent in the Commons, the House awarded itself command of the armed forces in February 1642. Since the king, not surprisingly refused to sign it was called an ordinance and not an act. With the king out of the way, ~~parlimanetraians~~ such as [[person::John Pym]] felt increasingly emboldened and the current unity in the Commons started to be strained after the summer of 1641. The [[Grand Remonstrance]] written by Pym was a laundry list of neo-republican faults ~~embodoed~~ by the King. For ~~soem~~, who wished only to bring the ~~KMing~~ to his ~~commom~~ sense, it went too far and the ~~documet~~ only passed in the Commons by eleven votes. Nonetheless, even though the ~~Remointsrance~~ was too much to stomach for the gentrified Commons, Pym correctly judged that it would be meat and drink to the ~~poluplace~~ at large.		Even though Civil War seemed inevitable given [[person::Charles 1]] abrupt departure in 1642 neither side wanted to be seen to land the first blow. After Charles had unsuccessfully tried to arrest the ring leaders fermenting dissent in the Commons, the House awarded itself command of the armed forces in February 1642. Since the king, not surprisingly refused to sign it was called an ordinance and not an act. With the king out of the way, parliamentarians such as [[person::John Pym]] felt increasingly emboldened and the current unity in the Commons started to be strained after the summer of 1641. The [[Grand Remonstrance]] written by Pym was a laundry list of neo-republican faults embodied by the King. For some, who wished only to bring the King to his common sense, it went too far and the document only passed in the Commons by eleven votes. Nonetheless, even though the Remonstrance was too much to stomach for the gentrified Commons, Pym correctly judged that it would be meat and drink to the populace at large.

	Many in Parliament worried that the opposition to the monarchy ~~colod~~ get out of hand and the populace would be uncontrollable much as had happened during the [[Irish Rebellion]]. Fear of widespread public disorder ~~oushed~~ many back into the King;s camp. Among ~~tyhe recuits~~ was Edward Hyde whose ~~nrrative~~ of ~~teh~~ time called the ''History of the Great Rebellion'' shaped Tory tradition for many years ahead. He was someone who was dismayed by Charles' [[Personal Rule]] of ~~tgeh~~ 1630's but equally dismayed with the turn of events in the 1640's. Moderates tried to ~~reframe~~ the constitution much like a modern day ''three estates'' - King, Lords and Commons - Monarchy, Aristocracy and Democracy.		Many in Parliament worried that the opposition to the monarchy could get out of hand and the populace would be uncontrollable much as had happened during the [[Irish Rebellion]]. Fear of widespread public disorder pushed many back into the King;s camp. Among the recruits was Edward Hyde whose narrative of eh time called the ''History of the Great Rebellion'' shaped Tory tradition for many years ahead. He was someone who was dismayed by Charles' [[Personal Rule]] of the 1630's but equally dismayed with the turn of events in the 1640's. Moderates tried to re-frame the constitution much like a modern day ''three estates'' - King, Lords and Commons - Monarchy, Aristocracy and Democracy.

	While many MP's attacked Charles tactics ~~personnaly~~ they were careful not to attack the monarchy or the ~~constituition~~. During the second ~~mointh~~ of the [[Long Parliament]] a petition was raise to end ~~episcopy~~ ''~~rppt~~ and ~~branc~~''. This split parliament between the ~~abolistionists~~ and those who ~~mere;ly~~ wanted to see their powers ~~curtaiuled~~. ~~Other's~~ noted they violent ~~tendancoes~~ of the seemingly sober and ~~lawfgul~~ puritans. The smashing f Stained ~~glas windowsm~~ alter rails by soldiers and mobs cast ~~ouritans~~ in a new light. Lay preachers used their oratory powers to ~~oush~~ the boundaries of accepted orthodoxy.		While many MP's attacked Charles tactics personally they were careful not to attack the monarchy or the constitution. During the second month of the [[Long Parliament]] a petition was raise to end episcopacy ''root and branch''. This split parliament between the abolitionists and those who merely wanted to see their powers curtailed. Others noted they violent tendencies of the seemingly sober and lawful puritans. The smashing f Stained glass windows alter rails by soldiers and mobs cast puritans in a new light. Lay preachers used their oratory powers to push the boundaries of accepted orthodoxy.

	The king;s ~~advisors~~ suggested to make ~~sconcessions~~ and ~~persue~~ a middle way between [[William Laud\|Laudian]] ~~amd~~ Puritan excesses and restore a religion that was closer to the one that ~~stoold~~ in [[~~]erson~~::Elizabeth 1]]'s reign, shorn of any ~~connivanmce~~ of ''popery''.		The king;s advisers suggested to make concessions and pursue a middle way between [[William Laud\|Laudian]] and Puritan excesses and restore a religion that was closer to the one that stood in [[person::Elizabeth 1]]'s reign, shorn of any connivance of ''popery''.

	In 1642 ~~Charkes~~ built ~~apary~~ albeit one more ~~agaionst~~ Puritan excesses than ~~enthuisaistically~~ loyal to him. More than a third of the commons rallied to his ~~ciuase~~ and even more in the Lords.		In 1642 Charles built a party albeit one more against Puritan excesses than enthusiastically loyal to him. More than a third of the commons rallied to his cause and even more in the Lords.

	[[category:English Civil War]]		[[category:English Civil War]]
	[[~~caregory~~:British History]]		[[category:British History]]

Paulreed: Created page with "Even though Civil War seemed inevitable given person::Charles 1 abrupt departure in 1642 neither side wantd to be seen to land the first blow. After Charles had unsuccessf..."

2014-02-04T02:22:41Z

Created page with "Even though Civil War seemed inevitable given person::Charles 1 abrupt departure in 1642 neither side wantd to be seen to land the first blow. After Charles had unsuccessf..."

New page

Even though Civil War seemed inevitable given [[person::Charles 1]] abrupt departure in 1642 neither side wantd to be seen to land the first blow. After Charles had unsuccessfully tried to arrest the ring leaders fermenting dissent in the Commons, the House awarded itself command of the armed forces in February 1642. Since the king, not surprisingly refused to sign it was called an ordinance and not an act. With the king out of the way, parlimanetraians such as [[person::John Pym]] felt increasingly emboldened and the current unity in the Commons started to be strained after the summer of 1641. The [[Grand Remonstrance]] written by Pym was a laundry list of neo-republican faults embodoed by the King. For soem, who wished only to bring the KMing to his commom sense, it went too far and the documet only passed in the Commons by eleven votes. Nonetheless, even though the Remointsrance was too much to stomach for the gentrified Commons, Pym correctly judged that it would be meat and drink to the poluplace at large.

Many in Parliament worried that the opposition to the monarchy colod get out of hand and the populace would be uncontrollable much as had happened during the [[Irish Rebellion]]. Fear of widespread public disorder oushed many back into the King;s camp. Among tyhe recuits was Edward Hyde whose nrrative of teh time called the ''History of the Great Rebellion'' shaped Tory tradition for many years ahead. He was someone who was dismayed by Charles' [[Personal Rule]] of tgeh 1630's but equally dismayed with the turn of events in the 1640's. Moderates tried to reframe the constitution much like a modern day ''three estates'' - King, Lords and Commons - Monarchy, Aristocracy and Democracy.

While many MP's attacked Charles tactics personnaly they were careful not to attack the monarchy or the constituition. During the second mointh of the [[Long Parliament]] a petition was raise to end episcopy ''rppt and branc''. This split parliament between the abolistionists and those who mere;ly wanted to see their powers curtaiuled. Other's noted they violent tendancoes of the seemingly sober and lawfgul puritans. The smashing f Stained glas windowsm alter rails by soldiers and mobs cast ouritans in a new light. Lay preachers used their oratory powers to oush the boundaries of accepted orthodoxy.

The king;s advisors suggested to make sconcessions and persue a middle way between [[William Laud|Laudian]] amd Puritan excesses and restore a religion that was closer to the one that stoold in [[]erson::Elizabeth 1]]'s reign, shorn of any connivanmce of ''popery''.

In 1642 Charkes built apary albeit one more agaionst Puritan excesses than enthuisaistically loyal to him. More than a third of the commons rallied to his ciuase and even more in the Lords.

[[category:English Civil War]]
[[caregory:British History]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:02, 8 February 2014
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	==Introduction==		==Introduction==
	Even though Civil War seemed inevitable given [[person::Charles 1]] abrupt departure in 1642 neither side wanted to be seen to land the first blow. After Charles had unsuccessfully tried to arrest the ring leaders fermenting dissent in the Commons, the House awarded itself command of the armed forces in February 1642. Since the king, not surprisingly refused to sign it was called an ordinance and not an act. With the king out of the way, parliamentarians such as [[person::John Pym]] felt increasingly emboldened and the current unity in the Commons started to be strained after the summer of 1641. The [[Grand Remonstrance]] written by Pym was a laundry list of faults embodied by the King since the beginning of his reign. The first nine-nine clauses cataloged examples of his mis-governance. Then next ~~thiry~~ six clauses were self-congratulatory, detailing how parliament was safeguarding English liberties. The final clauses warned against threats to liberties if Parliament did not defend them. Clauses attacking the Common Prayer Book and describing all bishops as idolaters were removed. For some, who wished only to bring the King to his common sense, it went too far and the document only passed in the Commons by eleven votes. Nonetheless, even though the Remonstrance was too much to stomach for the gentrified Commons, Pym correctly judged that it would be meat and drink to the populace at large.		Even though Civil War seemed inevitable given [[person::Charles 1]] abrupt departure in 1642 neither side wanted to be seen to land the first blow. After Charles had unsuccessfully tried to arrest the ring leaders fermenting dissent in the Commons, the House awarded itself command of the armed forces in February 1642. Since the king, not surprisingly refused to sign it was called an ordinance and not an act. With the king out of the way, parliamentarians such as [[person::John Pym]] felt increasingly emboldened and the current unity in the Commons started to be strained after the summer of 1641. The [[Grand Remonstrance]] written by Pym was a laundry list of faults embodied by the King since the beginning of his reign. The first nine-nine clauses cataloged examples of his mis-governance. Then next thirty six clauses were self-congratulatory, detailing how parliament was safeguarding English liberties. The final clauses warned against threats to liberties if Parliament did not defend them. Clauses attacking the Common Prayer Book and describing all bishops as idolaters were removed. For some, who wished only to bring the King to his common sense, it went too far and the document only passed in the Commons by eleven votes. Nonetheless, even though the Remonstrance was too much to stomach for the gentrified Commons, Pym correctly judged that it would be meat and drink to the populace at large.

	Many in Parliament worried that the opposition to the monarchy could get out of hand and the populace would be uncontrollable much as had happened during the [[Irish Rebellion]]. Fear of widespread public disorder pushed many back into the King;s camp. Among the recruits was Edward Hyde whose narrative of eh time called the ''History of the Great Rebellion'' shaped Tory tradition for many years ahead. He was someone who was dismayed by Charles' [[Personal Rule]] of the 1630's but equally dismayed with the turn of events in the 1640's. Moderates tried to re-frame the constitution much like a modern day ''three estates'' - King, Lords and Commons - Monarchy, Aristocracy and Democracy.		Many in Parliament worried that the opposition to the monarchy could get out of hand and the populace would be uncontrollable much as had happened during the [[Irish Rebellion]]. Fear of widespread public disorder pushed many back into the King;s camp. Among the recruits was Edward Hyde whose narrative of eh time called the ''History of the Great Rebellion'' shaped Tory tradition for many years ahead. He was someone who was dismayed by Charles' [[Personal Rule]] of the 1630's but equally dismayed with the turn of events in the 1640's. Moderates tried to re-frame the constitution much like a modern day ''three estates'' - King, Lords and Commons - Monarchy, Aristocracy and Democracy.
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	In 1642 Charles built a party albeit one more against Puritan excesses than enthusiastically loyal to him. More than a third of the commons rallied to his cause and even more in the Lords.		In 1642 Charles built a party albeit one more against Puritan excesses than enthusiastically loyal to him. More than a third of the commons rallied to his cause and even more in the Lords.

	==How the unity of the Parliament and the ~~strat~~ of the [[Long Parliament]] ebbed away==		==How the unity of the Parliament and the start of the [[Long Parliament]] ebbed away==
	The Grand Remonstrance had been a ~~provactive~~ document that appealed over the heads of the MP's to the people. Such was the emotion it stirred withinn Parliament swords were ~~branished~~ ''I thought we had sat in the valley of death'' wrote one MP. The unity ~~oand concensus~~ seeking that had prevailed until them was shattered overnight. However it would be wrong to say that complete polarization set in at that moment. There was still unease of ~~Cherles~~' policies of the 1630's especially as it related to the Scots and the Scottish church as well as taxation measures like [[term::Ship Money]]. Nonetheless there were fears about the populist tome of the debates and the attacks on the ~~Monarrchy~~ and Ecclesiastical authority rather than just Charles and [[person::Archbishop Laud\|Laud]].		The Grand Remonstrance had been a provocative document that appealed over the heads of the MP's to the people. Such was the emotion it stirred withinn Parliament swords were brandished ''I thought we had sat in the valley of death'' wrote one MP. The unity and consensus seeking that had prevailed until them was shattered overnight. However it would be wrong to say that complete polarization set in at that moment. There was still unease of Charles' policies of the 1630's especially as it related to the Scots and the Scottish church as well as taxation measures like [[term::Ship Money]]. Nonetheless there were fears about the populist tome of the debates and the attacks on the Monarchy and Ecclesiastical authority rather than just Charles and [[person::Archbishop Laud\|Laud]].

	Those hounded out by the old regime were rehabilitated like [[person::Prynne]]. The [[term::Star Chamber]] was abolished and ~~therewas~~ the execution of [[person::Strafford]]. That Strafford's pernicious influence over the King should be destroyed was agreed by common consent but not his execution. At first it was believed that the threatened execution of Strafford was a way of getting the king to negotiate but it soon took on a sinister turn.		Those hounded out by the old regime were rehabilitated like [[person::Prynne]]. The [[term::Star Chamber]] was abolished and there was the execution of [[person::Strafford]]. That Strafford's pernicious influence over the King should be destroyed was agreed by common consent but not his execution. At first it was believed that the threatened execution of Strafford was a way of getting the king to negotiate but it soon took on a sinister turn.

	At his trial a ~~liost~~ of ~~monot~~ charges were l;aid against him and Strafford was compelled to observe that he did not think that ''two hundred black rabbits would make a black horse'' as he appealed to the Lords for support. The trial dragged on for three weeks until the prosecution's patience wore thin and they settled on a [[term::bill of Attainder]] where the accused was condemned and executed ~~withourt~~ further judicial process. This bill proved divisive and although it passed easily many did not vote. Although Charles was mortified to have to sign the bill it may have been of some comfort that the House was divided.		At his trial a list of minor charges were l;aid against him and Strafford was compelled to observe that he did not think that ''two hundred black rabbits would make a black horse'' as he appealed to the Lords for support. The trial dragged on for three weeks until the prosecution's patience wore thin and they settled on a [[term::bill of Attainder]] where the accused was condemned and executed without further judicial process. This bill proved divisive and although it passed easily many did not vote. Although Charles was mortified to have to sign the bill it may have been of some comfort that the House was divided.

	Pym went on to steer the [[Triennial Act]], which obliged the monarch to call a parliament every three years. Pym followed this up in June 1641 with the [[Ten Propositions]], that put prohibition on the access of papist to the court and queen. It also instructed the king to appoint ~~councillors~~ that the parliament would find agreeable. Although Pym was succeeding in Parliament and in the country it was ~~terrifiying~~ the Irish Catholics who thought that these policies would ~~eventualyy~~ be extended to their lands. Ireland went up in flames. Money and armies needed to be ~~riased~~ to quell the unrest but Pym saw it as another opportunity to force the king to accepts the Propositions. This was blackmail and angered many in Parliament but Pym prevailed in a vote. Pym further consolidated Parliaments power by insisting in 1642 that they be allowed to choose the members of the Privy Council.		Pym went on to steer the [[Triennial Act]], which obliged the monarch to call a parliament every three years. Pym followed this up in June 1641 with the [[Ten Propositions]], that put prohibition on the access of papist to the court and queen. It also instructed the king to appoint Councillors that the parliament would find agreeable. Although Pym was succeeding in Parliament and in the country it was terrifying the Irish Catholics who thought that these policies would eventually be extended to their lands. Ireland went up in flames. Money and armies needed to be raised to quell the unrest but Pym saw it as another opportunity to force the king to accepts the Propositions. This was blackmail and angered many in Parliament but Pym prevailed in a vote. Pym further consolidated Parliaments power by insisting in 1642 that they be allowed to choose the members of the Privy Council.

	Edward Hyde and others thought the balance had now been ~~acheived~~ and that the king should be allowed to rule in accordance with the constitution. Pym however believed that the king could not be trusted and his suspicions were well founded. Charles went to Scotland to settle the treaty with Scotland but he stayed three months, ~~secretaly~~ negotiating, hoping to get a guarantee from Scotland to stay neutral in future battles with parliament. When negotiations failed he plotted to assassinate two of the ~~nobels~~ he had been negotiating with. On ~~Januray~~ 3rd the king ~~enetered parilaiment~~ to arrest five ~~memebers~~ of ~~parilaiment~~ for treason. He failed and the new won allies began to doubt their ~~chnage~~ off ~~alliegence~~.		Edward Hyde and others thought the balance had now been achieved and that the king should be allowed to rule in accordance with the constitution. Pym however believed that the king could not be trusted and his suspicions were well founded. Charles went to Scotland to settle the treaty with Scotland but he stayed three months, secretly negotiating, hoping to get a guarantee from Scotland to stay neutral in future battles with parliament. When negotiations failed he plotted to assassinate two of the nobles he had been negotiating with. On January 3rd the king entered Parliament to arrest five members of Parliament for treason. He failed and the new won allies began to doubt their change off allegiance.

	Nonetheless the occupation of the Scots in northern England stuck in the throat for many and was seen an insult. The Scots demanded reparation payments that were agreed by the English but soon fell into arrears. The Scots wanted more. They suggested a greater union of the Kingdoms, which the English interpreted as greater meddling in their affairs. The Scots also wanted to see the abolition of the episcopacy so that they would never have to suffer the ignominy of the Prayer Book again. Many anti-~~scots~~ voices were riased but Pym could not expel them. However, reform of the church was high on the agenda and some like sir [[person::Simmonds D'ewes]] wanted to reform the ''brazen, leaden - yea and blockish - persons''. On the 11 December a petition ~~form~~ London ~~caled~~ for the clergy to ~~brpought~~ o account. They saw the church embodying a multitude of sins from ~~monolies~~ to the ~~declime~~ of the cloth industry and ''whoredoms and adulteries''. This ''Root and Branch'' petition was discussed a number of time and went to a vote that passed and went to committee for discussion. Many agreed that the ~~perfoamcne~~ of the bishops had been poor and even agreed with the abolition of the ~~episopacy~~ but not what it would be replace with. The Scots believed that their own ~~refpormed~~ church was the perfect model. But he ~~episcipoacy~~ was so entrenched in the social order of the country that destroying it ~~couild~~ unleash forces ~~tht~~ could not be easily restrained. Edward Dering for instance had a ~~chnage~~ of heart having head ~~incidnets~~ of ''~~raidical~~ zeal ~~formenting~~ popular spirits against laws''. However, the changes were ~~laready~~ being taken up. Alter rails and Stained glass windows were destroyed and the communion table put back in the middle of the church.		Nonetheless the occupation of the Scots in northern England stuck in the throat for many and was seen an insult. The Scots demanded reparation payments that were agreed by the English but soon fell into arrears. The Scots wanted more. They suggested a greater union of the Kingdoms, which the English interpreted as greater meddling in their affairs. The Scots also wanted to see the abolition of the episcopacy so that they would never have to suffer the ignominy of the Prayer Book again. Many anti-Scots voices were riased but Pym could not expel them. However, reform of the church was high on the agenda and some like sir [[person::Simmonds D'ewes]] wanted to reform the ''brazen, leaden - yea and blockish - persons''. On the 11 December a petition from London called for the clergy to brought o account. They saw the church embodying a multitude of sins from monopolies to the decline of the cloth industry and ''whoredoms and adulteries''. This ''Root and Branch'' petition was discussed a number of time and went to a vote that passed and went to committee for discussion. Many agreed that the performance of the bishops had been poor and even agreed with the abolition of the episcopacy but not what it would be replace with. The Scots believed that their own reformed church was the perfect model. But he episcopacy was so entrenched in the social order of the country that destroying it could unleash forces that could not be easily restrained. Edward Dering for instance had a change of heart having head incidents of ''radical zeal fomenting popular spirits against laws''. However, the changes were already being taken up. Alter rails and Stained glass windows were destroyed and the communion table put back in the middle of the church.

	Pym's ''junto'' increasingly too ~~litle~~ note of commons criticism and enthusiastically embraces ~~politival~~ engagement with extra-parliamentary bodies and ~~religios~~ pressure ~~gorups~~ and welcomed grass root ~~actoins~~. From the perspective of Hyde and Dering they were embracing anarchy.		Pym's ''junto'' increasingly too little note of commons criticism and enthusiastically embraces political engagement with extra-parliamentary bodies and religious pressure groups and welcomed grass root actions. From the perspective of Hyde and Dering they were embracing anarchy.

	[[category:English Civil War]]		[[category:English Civil War]]
	[[category:British History]]		[[category:British History]]